Goji berries – a look at a superfood

What are goji berries?

Goji berries, also known as wolfberries or happiness berries, are the fruits of the common or Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum / chinense). This perennial shrub belongs to the nightshade family and is a vigorous grower. Once the fruit has ripened and been harvested, the berries are often dried to extend their shelf life and preserve their valuable nutritional content.

What’s in a goji berry?

The berries are often referred to as ‘miracle berries’ – a term that relates primarily to the high nutrient density of these small fruits. It is no coincidence that they have long held a place in traditional Chinese medicine. The berries are characterised by a high content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and amino acids. Here are some of their key nutrients and benefits:

• Vitamins: Goji berries are rich in vitamins C and A. These have a positive effect on the immune system and on the health of the skin and eyes.

• Minerals: Iron, zinc, calcium and potassium are just some of the minerals it contains – they are good for transporting oxygen in the blood, strong bones and teeth, muscle and nerve function, wound healing and much more.

• Antioxidants: Thanks in part to their high vitamin C content, goji berries are considered a good source of antioxidants. They combat free radicals, protect cells from damage and have anti-inflammatory properties.

• Amino acids: The berries also contain all the essential amino acids that the body cannot produce itself and which must therefore be obtained from food.

The berries’ deep red colour is a further indication of their high content of valuable phytonutrients. The intake of these secondary plant compounds is regarded as an important part of a balanced and health-conscious diet. The nutrient content, as well as the sweet, fruity-tart flavour of the dried berries, makes them a suitable ingredient in many different products.

The use of goji berries in the food industry

They can be used in both sweet and savoury dishes and lend the dishes a special touch thanks to their colour and flavour. How can they be used? Here’s one example:

• Snacks and dried fruit: The dried berries make the perfect accompaniment to mixed nuts or muesli bars. Their tangy-sweet flavour adds aromatic variety, whilst their vibrant colour gives them a distinctive appearance.

• Breakfast products: Ingredients that work well in muesli bars are usually not far removed from breakfast foods. Goji berries are ideal for muesli, granola and porridge. They give you that extra nutritional boost to start the day.

• Drinks: The berries are even used in the drinks sector. Whether in juices, smoothies or teas – thanks to their high nutrient density, goji berries are a particularly good choice for fitness drinks.

• Baked goods and desserts: It doesn’t always have to be just Cinnamon . Adding berries to baked goods such as bread, muffins and cakes provides extra vitamins, an appealing flavour and an interesting texture. They are also used to great effect in chocolate, sweets and other confectionery.

• Soups or sauces: Savoury dishes too, or those that combine sweet and spicy flavours à la Swicy Those who use them can enjoy the benefits in terms of flavour. The sweetness, for example, can be used to achieve a balance of flavours, a variety of aromas or to temper the heat – the berries are also available in powder form.

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It is clear that goji berries offer the food industry a wide range of applications and opportunities for product innovation. However, there are also a number of challenges and considerations relating to the use of these so-called ‘miracle berries’ that should be borne in mind.

The ‘but’ when it comes to the much-praised miracle fruit

Although the fruit offers numerous health benefits, there are also some points of concern regarding the use and consumption of the berries:

• Pesticide contamination: Studies have shown that imported goji berries often contain high levels of pesticide residues. As the cultivation regulations in some countries are less stringent than those in the EU, levels that give cause for concern can sometimes be found. Consequently, it may be better to opt for berries grown under strict regulations regarding the use of pesticides – for example, those carrying the relevant organic certification labels.

• Side effects and interactions: Goji berries are said to be capable of enhancing the effects of blood-thinning medication, which could lead to health problems. There are also reports of allergic reactions – which underlines the importance of labelling when using them.

• Environmental footprint: When the berries are transported to us from Asia, this results in a comparatively poor environmental footprint.

This, along with the issue of pesticide residue contamination, inevitably raises the question: are there any comparable local alternatives to the goji berry?

Regional alternatives to goji berries

Apart from the fact that goji berries can also be grown here, there are a wide range of local alternatives which, just like the ‘miracle berry’, can add that little something extra. They, too, are rich in many important nutrients and can enhance the visual appeal of products. Most are just as rich in vitamin C and antioxidants – some even boast far higher levels. Regional alternatives include, for example:

• Raspberries

• Sea buckthorn

• chokeberries

• Blackcurrants

• Blackberries

• Blueberries

• Rose hips

• Elderberries

• Beetroot

Not only do these regional delicacies all offer health benefits, but above all, they are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than exotic superfoods.

Goji berries: Nutritious and interesting – but not essential

These bright red fruits have established themselves as an ingredient in the food industry thanks to their high nutrient density and versatility. Their exotic origins and health-promoting image make them an attractive choice for innovative food products. Nevertheless, it can be crucial to consider their use in the context of environmental sustainability. There are a number of regional products that are just as appealing as the goji berry.

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